Vocabulary List

Days, Months & Time in Japanese

時間 (jikan)

The seven days of the week plus the everyday words for talking about time — today, tomorrow, morning, and more.

JapaneseRomajiMeaning
月曜日getsuyōbiMonday
火曜日kayōbiTuesday
水曜日suiyōbiWednesday
木曜日mokuyōbiThursday
金曜日kin'yōbiFriday
土曜日doyōbiSaturday
日曜日nichiyōbiSunday
今日kyōtoday
明日ashitatomorrow
昨日kinōyesterday
imanow
asamorning
hirunoon / daytime
yorunight
shūweek
tsukimonth / moon
toshiyear

Look closely at the days of the week and you'll find the five classical elements plus the sun and moon hidden inside: 月 (moon) for Monday, 火 (fire) for Tuesday, 水 (water) for Wednesday, 木 (wood) for Thursday, 金 (gold/metal) for Friday, 土 (earth) for Saturday, and 日 (sun) for Sunday. This comes from the same wuxing (五行, "five phases") cosmology that influenced the Western day names too — Saturday/Saturn and 土曜日/Saturn-as-earth share a common astrological root. Every day name ends in 曜日 (yōbi, "day of the week"), so once you know the seven element kanji, the whole week follows the same pattern.

See these kanji in detail

月, 火, 水, 木, 金, 土, and 日 each have their own reference page with readings and stroke order.